< VA 421 to 499 | Home | VA 600 to 699 >
| VA 500 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 500's: | VA 500: Appeared in 1929. Originally VA 500 began in Ocean View and ran along the Bayfront and Ocean Front to Virginia Beach. Then it angled southwest to end at US 60-117 (curr US 58-US 58 Bus jct). THis was new routing except along the Virginia Beach waterfront which had been the original VA 101. In 1930-31, VA 500 was truncated to run along today's Laskin Rd. The rest became part of US 60 (mostly US 60 today except it ran through Fort Story). The remaining VA 500 was renumbered as VA 501 in 1932. Today it is the Laskin Rd. US 58 Bypass. | |||||||||||
| US 501 |
| VA 501 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 501's: |
VA 501 #1: Appeared in 1929. Ran from VA 500 (curr US 60-58 jct) Virginia Beach south to Camp Pendleton. Between today's US 58 and US 58 Bus was part of the original VA 101. In 1930-31, VA 501 north was truncated to the US 60-117 (curr US 60-US 58 Bus Jct). The 20 blocks or so left behind became part of US 60. VA 501 was renumbered as a discontinuous segment of VA 12 in 1932. Today it is US 60 and the part below Rudee Inlet is unnumbered.
VA 501 #2: Appeared in 1932 as a renumbering of VA 500. Ran from US 117 (curr US 58-58 Bus split) west of Virginia Beach to US 60 at the oceanfront. In July 1933, this VA 501 became VA 164. Today it is the Laskin Rd. portion of US 58. VA 501 #3: Explicitly shown on the 1933 Official Map to begin at the US 60-501 jct Buena Vista, then west with US 60 to Lexington, then northwest to the WV line west of Warm Springs. This was therefore a state route extension for US 501. This replaced what had been large parts of VA 804 and VA 805, as well as a section of the original VA 17. This VA 501 was renumbered as VA 39 to match WV 39 in 1940-41. VA 501Y: Created Dec. 1938 in the CTB Minutes as a 0.04 mile connection to US 60. Because the primary routes in Buena Vista were different up to at least the mid 1930s, it is not entirely clear where this was although I believe it may have been what is today the northernmost 0.04 mile of today's US 501 (the original VA 14 and maybe US 501 at first used Factory St to get west of the railroad then moved north to VA 13/US 60. Don't know when VA 501Y was terminated but it does NOT appear in the 1941 VDOT Route Log. |
|||||||||||
| VA 502 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 502's: | VA 502: Appeared in August 1928. Ran from VA 27 (curr VA 168 bus) Great Bridge east to Princess Anne (new routing), then west to near today's I-64 jct with US 13, then east to just short of VA 500 (curr US 60) near Little Creek (replacing VA 1012). In 1930-31, VA 502 north was truncated to VA 12 (curr US 13-VA 166) about where I-64 and US 13 meet. The route out towards Little Creek became part of a piece of VA 12. All of VA 502 was renumbered as part of current VA 165 in July 1933. | |||||||||||
| VA 503 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 503's: | VA 503: Appeared in 1929 as new routing. Ran from US 117 (at the corner of 6th and High) Portsmouth to the Nanesmond County Line (curr Suffolk City Limits). VA 503 was extended west to the Nanesmond River Bridge in 1930-31. The road continued unnumbered to Newport News via 2 toll bridges. VA 503 was replaced by current US 17 in 1932. | |||||||||||
| VA 504 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 504's: | VA 504: Appeared in 1929 as new routing. Ran from US 17 Deep Creek to the Princess Anne County Line (curr Virginia Beach City Limit) east of VA 27 (curr VA 168 Bus) Great Bridge. There was either a 4-mile multiplex with VA 27 or it is two discontinuous pieces. In 1930-31, VA 504 east was extended as new routing to VA 502 (curr VA 165) Kempsville. VA 504 was renumbered as VA 166 in July 1933. Today this is VA 165 from Deep Creek to Great Bridge and VA 190 from Great Bridge to Kempsville. | |||||||||||
| VA 505 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 505's: | VA 505: Appeared in 1929. Ran from US 117 (curr VA 337) Suffolk south to then-NC 30 near Corapeake, NC. This had previously been original VA 103. In July 1933 this was renumbered as VA 52. Today it is all part of VA 32. | |||||||||||
| VA 506 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 506's: | VA 506: Appeared in 1929 as new routing. Ran from VA 505 (curr US 13-VA 32 split) south to Whaleyville. VA 506 south was extended halfway from Whaleyville to NC in 1930-31. VA 506 was renumbered as VA 53 in July 1933. Today it is part of US 13. | |||||||||||
| VA 507 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 507's: | VA 507: Appeared in 1929 as a renumbering of most of the original VA 108. Ran from US 117 (curr US 58 Bus-US 258 jct) Franklin north to VA 10 Smithfield. In 1930-31, VA 507 was extended east over new routing to Rescue. VA 507 was renumbered as the VA 158 US route extension in July 1933. Today it is US 258 and SR 704. | |||||||||||
| VA 508 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 508's: | VA 508: Appeared in 1929. Ran from VA 35 Courtland to VA 52 (curr SR 600) west of Ivor. In 1930-31, VA 508 was extended north to the Blackwater River, 3 miles east of relocated VA 52 (curr US 460) Ivor. This was renumbered as part of VA 33 #2 in July 1933. Today it is SR 616 and 620. | |||||||||||
| VA 509 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 509's: | VA 509: Appeared in 1929. Ran from US 17-1 (curr US 301) Emporia to the Meherrin River. In 1930-31, VA 509 was extended east as new routing to VA 35 Boykins, with a tiny break at the Meherrin River. In 1932 or 1933 it was extended north of Emporia towards Purdy over what was VA 534 (curr SR 619). All of this was renumbered as VA 32 #2 in July 1933. Today it is a little of VA 186 and all of SR 730. | |||||||||||
| VA 510 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 510's: |
VA 510 #1: Appeared in 1930-31, in 2 pieces 1. VA 52 (curr US 460) Wakefield to just past VA 10 Surry 2. Jamestown Ferry landing to US 60 (curr VA 132) Williamsburg. Both pieces were a renumbering of VA 393. They were both changed to VA 31 #2 in July 1933.
VA 510 #2: According to the 2001 and 2003 VDOT route logs, a proposed VA 510 will be built from I-564 to the US Naval Base and International Terminal. Both of these places are already served by Virginia routes (337 and 406), so I don't know where this would go exactly. A. Froehlig offers some detail on proposed VA 510: VA 510 is VDOT's route number for the proposed "Intermodal Connector", running from I-564 near Chambers Field over to a new interchange near Hampton Blvd, connecting to N.I.T. and the southern part of Naval Station Norfolk. Theoretically, it could continue to include the proposed "Third Crossing" over to I-664 just south of the south tunnel entrance at MMBT. VA 510Y: Created in June 1931 as a stub off US 60 to Eastern State Hospital. Found in the CTB minutes, but no details about what happened in 1933. Later some of this became VA 322. |
|||||||||||
| US 511 |
| VA 511 not currently assigned/proposed | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 511's: |
VA 511 #1: Appeared in 1929 as new routing. Ran from VA 39 (curr 25th St) Newport News to VA 514 (curr King St.) Hampton, mostly along the railroad tracks between the two cities. In 1930-31, VA 511 was rerouted so that it ran from VA 514 (curr VA 134) to the Hampton waterfront below US 60. This left only the northernmost mile or so of the 1929 VA 511 intact. The removed piece looks like it might be today's VA 351. VA 511 became VA 167 in July 1933. Today is mostly part of VA 134. VA 511 #2: Route number assigned to the proposed "Intermodel Connector" between I-564 and the Norfolk International Terminal. |
|||||||||||
| VA 512 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 512's: | VA 512: Appeared in 1929 as new routing. ran from US 17-60 (curr VA 143) Phoebus to VA 513 (curr VA 351) Buckroe. This was changed to current VA 169 in July 1933. | |||||||||||
| VA 513 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 513's: | VA 513: Appeared in 1929 as new routing. Ran from US 17-60 (curr US 60) Hampton east to VA 512 (curr VA 169) Buckroe. This was changed to VA 168 in July 1933. Today it is mostly part of VA 351. | |||||||||||
| VA 514 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 514's: | VA 514: Appeared in 1929 as new routing. Ran from VA 513 (curr VA 351) Hampton to US 17 (curr SR 1010) Yorktown. In 1932, original VA 514 north was truncated to US 17 Tabb, leaving behind a rerouted US 17. A second piece of VA 514 appeared, running from US 60 Lee Hall to US 17 Yorktown. This new piece had been part of US 17. VA 514 was eliminated by the north extension of VA 27 to Tabb and by VA 170 between Lee HAll and Yorktown. Today original VA 514 is parts of VA 134 and 172, while the other piece is VA 238 and SR 1010. | |||||||||||
| VA 515 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 515's: | VA 515: Appeared in 1929 as new routing. Ran from US 17-60 (curr US 60-VA 306 jct) Newport News to VA 514 (curr US 17-VA 134 jct) Tabb. This became the US 17 alignment in 1932. Today it is all of current VA 306, Harpersville Rd, and a little US 17. In June 1932 a second piece of VA 515 appeared (shown on '32 VDOT County Atlas) from VA 516 (current VA 172 north end) Poquoson west for a short stub. In July 1933 this stub became VA 171. Today it is unnumbered Yorktown Rd. | |||||||||||
| VA 516 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 516's: | VA 516: Appeared in 1929 as new routing. Ran from VA 514 (curr VA 172) to Poquoson. In 1930-31, VA 516 was extended 4 miles east of Poquoson. This was all renumbered as VA 172 in July 1933. Today it is a little VA 172 and VA 171 east of Poquoson. | |||||||||||
| VA 517 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 517's: | VA 517: Appeared in 1929 as new routing. Ran from US 17-60 (just US 60 today) Denbigh to VA 514 (curr US 17) near Tabb. This was changed to VA 173 in July 1933. Today it is a little VA 173 and mostly SR 620. | |||||||||||
| VA 518 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 518's: | VA 518: Appeared in 1929 as new routing. Ran from VA 514 (curr US 17 corridor) Yorktown east to Moore House. This was renumbered as part of VA 170 in July 1933. Today it is mostly part of VA 238. | |||||||||||
| VA 519 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 519's: | VA 519: Appeared in 1929 as new routing. Ran from US 60 to US 17 (curr VA 238) all in the Lee Hall area. This became VA 174 in July 1933. Today the road doesn't exist, as it has been cut open by I-64 and VA 143. | |||||||||||
| VA 520 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 520's: | VA 520: Appeared in 1930-31 (no road is shown on 1929 official map). Ran from US 13 Oak Hall to Chincoteague. It was changed to current VA 175 in July 1933. | |||||||||||
| VA 521 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 521's: | VA 521: Appeared in 1929 as new routing. Ran from US 13 Centerville to Parksley. It was renumbered as current VA 176 in July 1933. | |||||||||||
| US 522 |
| VA 522 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 522's: |
VA 522: Appeared in August 1928 as a renumbering of original VA 341.. Ran from US 13 Tasley west to Onancock.
In Dec 1930 (CTB), a second piece of VA 522 appeared, from US 13 Belle Haven Station west through Belle Haven for a total of 2.71 miles. In July 1931 (CTB) the southern piece of VA 522 was extended to near Craddockville. In July 1932 (CTB) the southern piece was extended north past Pungoteague. In July 1933, VA 522 was renumbered mostly to VA 178, plus the E-W segment of VA 181. Today the northern piece of VA 522 is now all of VA 126 and part of VA 179. Thanks to NE2 for sorting out VA 522's routing. |
|||||||||||
| VA 523 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 523's: | VA 523: Appeared in 1929 as new routing. Ran from Harborton to Pungoteague. This was changed to current VA 180 in July 1933. | |||||||||||
| VA 524 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 524's: | VA 524: Appeared in 1929 as a renumbering of original VA 343. Ran from US 13 Eastville to the railroad track east of town. This became VA 185 in July 1933. Today it is part of SR 631. | |||||||||||
| VA 525 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 525's: | VA 525: Appeared in 1929 as new routing. Ran from US 13 (curr US 13-VA 184 jct) Bayview South for 9 miles. This was replaced by VA 186 in July 1933. Today it is half US 13 and half SR 600. | |||||||||||
| VA 526 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 526's: |
VA 526 #1: Created Aug. 1929 (CTB) as new primary routing running from US 13 (current US 13-VA 181 jct) Belle Haven Station south 1.49 miles towards Exmore.
VA 526 was renumbered as part of US 13/VA 34 in 1930. Today it remaons part of US 13. VA 526 #2: Created Dec. 1930 (CTB) as new primary routing, running from VA 522 (current VA 178-181 jct) Belle Haven south to US 13 Exmore. In July 1933 this became part of VA 178. Thanks to NE2 for sorting out Belle Haven's mess in the early 30s. |
|||||||||||
| VA 527 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 527's: |
VA 527 #1: Appeared in August 1929 as new routing, from US 117/VA 10 Suffolk (curr. VA 337) east towards Portsmouth. In late 1930 this was replaced by VA 12. Today it is part of US 13-58-460.
VA 527 #2: Appeared in 1930-31 as new routing. Was a stub off US 13 near Nassawaddox to Franktown. In July 1933 this became VA 184. Today it is SR 609. |
|||||||||||
| VA 528 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 528's: | VA 528: Appeared in 1930-31 as new routing. Ran from VA 514 (curr US 17) Grafton east to Dandy. This was changed to part of current VA 173 in July 1933. | |||||||||||
| VA 529 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 529's: | VA 529: Created in May 1931 as a new primary route, running along Jefferson Ave and Madison Avenue from Newport News to Lee Hall (from CTB minutes). Apparently VA 529 was extended in pieces over 2 years to reach this actual description. In July 1933 this became part of VA 168. Today it is part of VA 143. | |||||||||||
| VA 530 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 530's: |
VA 530 #1: May have been created June 1930 (CTB) as a new route, as 0.25 miles connecting Virginia and Huntington Ave in Newport News. The March 1931 CTB minutes lists a permit for Route 530 that would fit this location. This is shown in the July 1931 VDOT Route Log as VA 39Y. Today it is part of US 60 EB.
VA 530 #2: Created June 1931 as a new route, serving Yorktown from Warwick County. Shown in CTB minutes as 6.5 miles, but I'm not entirely sure where this was. Research by NE2 seems to suggest this was not actually built, and the mileage was eventually given to VA 542 and VA 529 in 1932 VA 530 #3: The highest number I believe used three times. Created July 1932 (CTB) as new primary routing, running from US 13 Painter east to Quinby. The designation appears explicitly in the Aug. 1932 CTB Minutes. In July 1933 this became VA 182. VA 530Y: Created in conjunction with VA 530 #2, serving Yorktown Colonial Park. This also never existed in the field. |
|||||||||||
| VA 531 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 531's: | VA 531: Appeared in 1930-31 as new routing. Ran from Guilford east to just past US 13 Nelsonia. This was renumbered as current VA 187 in July 1933. | |||||||||||
| VA 532 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 532's: | VA 532: CTB minutes show this born in December 1930 as a 0.2 miles piece of La Salle Ave near Newport News. It doesn't appear this ever got extended. This became part of VA 167 in July 1933. Today La Salle carries no primary designation. | |||||||||||
| VA 533 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 533's: | VA 533: Appeared in 1932 as new routing. It ran from VA 514 (curr VA 278 King St.) Hampton to VA 513 (curr VA 169) Hampton. In July 1933 it appears this became not numbered. Today it looks like a cutoff between VA 278 and VA 169. | |||||||||||
| VA 534 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 534's: | VA 534: Appeared in 1930-31 as new routing. Ran from VA 12 (curr US 58) Emporia towards Purdy. This became part of an extended VA 509 in 1932. Today it is part of SR 619. | |||||||||||
| VA 535 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 535's: | VA 535: Appeared in 1930-31 as new routing. Ran from US 117 (curr US 58 bus) Holland south for 1 mile. In 1932, a second piece of VA 535 appeared as a stub off US 117 (curr US 258) Franklin. Both pieces became VA 189 in July 1933. Today it is SR 714, all of VA 272, and pieces of VA 189. | |||||||||||
| VA 536 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 536's: | VA 536: Appeared in 1930-31 as new routing. Ran from VA 502 (curr VA 165) Fentress south for 3 miles. It was changed to VA 190 in July 1933. Today it is unnumbered Blackwater Rd. | |||||||||||
| VA 537 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 537's: | VA 537: The CTB minutes show this as born in December 1930, running from Willis Wharf to Silver Beach. In July 1933 this became VA 183, which remains except east of US 13 is now SR 603. | |||||||||||
| VA 538 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 538's: | VA 538: Appeared in 1930-31 as new routing. Ran from VA 48 (curr VA 40) Sussex to Yale. In June 1932 (CTB and found in '32 VDOT County Atlas) another piece was created from the Sussex-Greensville line towards Jarratts. Both pieces became one of the pieces of VA 32 #2 in July 1933. Today they are part of SR 735 and SR 610. | |||||||||||
| VA 539 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 539's: | VA 539: Appeared in 1930-31 as new routing. Ran from VA 12 (curr US 58-460 ALT) Bowers Hill north to US 117 (curr VA 337). This became current VA 191 in July 1933. | |||||||||||
| VA 540 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 540's: | VA 540: Appeared in 1932 as new routing. Ran from VA 522 (curr VA 126) Onancock to US 13 Olney. In July 1933, VA 540 was renumbered as VA 179 | |||||||||||
| VA 541 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 541's: | VA 541: Appeared in 1932 as new routing. Ran as a short stub east off VA 10 Chuckatuck. In July 1933, VA 541 became VA 192. Today it is part of VA 125. | |||||||||||
| VA 542 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 542's: | VA 542: Appeared in June 1932 as new routing. Ran from US 60 Williamsburg north 1.35 miles toward Magruder. In July 1933 this became part of VA 31. Today it is part of VA 5. | |||||||||||
| VA 543 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 543's: | VA 543: VA 543 did exist in the 1928-33 system. However, research has not uncovered which of the new District 5 routes created June 1932 was assigned this number. It appears that District 5 used a pattern to renumber routes in July 1933 that would place VA 543 on the route that became VA 193, which in 1932 would be from US 17/VA 40 Wallaceton to VA 27 (current VA 168 Business). | |||||||||||
| VA 544 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 544's: | VA 544: VA 544 did exist in the 1928-33 system. However, research has not uncovered which of the new District 5 routes created June 1932 was assigned this number. It appears that District 5 used a pattern to renumber routes in July 1933 that would place VA 544 on the route that became VA 194, which in 1932 would be from VA 35 to Newsoms. The 1933 Conoco Map labeled this route erroneously as VA 554. | |||||||||||
| VA 545 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 545's: | VA 545: VA 545 did exist in the 1928-33 system. However, research has not uncovered which of the new District 5 routes created June 1932 was assigned this number. It appears that District 5 used a pattern to renumber routes in July 1933 that would place VA 545 on the route that became VA 195, which in 1932 would be from VA 509 (current VA 186) Branchville south to the NC Line. VA 195 was totally realigned from Branchville and most of VA 545 would be part of SR 701 today. | |||||||||||
| VA 546 not currently assigned | ||||||||||||
| Previous VA 546's: | VA 546: Created in June 1932 (CTB Minutes) as an unidentified new primary route. The 1932 VDOT County Atlas shows VA 546 running on today's SR 617 from the Blackwater River west to Wakefield then south to the Southampton County Line. In July 1933 this became VA 196 east of Wakefield an VA 31 west of Wakefield. I believe this was the highest 5xx route in the 1928-33 system. | |||||||||||
| VA 547-563 never assigned | ||||||||||||
| I-564 |
| VA 565-580 never assigned | ||||||||||||
| I-581 |
| VA 582-594 never assigned | ||||||||||||
| I-595 |
| VA 596-597 never assigned | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
| ROUTE LOG |
I-77 (exit 66), US 52: 0 - 0 WV STATE LINE: 4.16 - 4.16
|
Creation: Appeared in 1980 as a renumbering of US 21-52. This has been the only VA 598.
| Adjustments: None Posting: Fully posted. However, VA 598 is not mentioned on the SB I-77 BGS at this exit (only mentions US 52 per Chris E) Comment: Yes Virginia, there is a VA 598. This is very nearly the highest theoretical primary state highway number which can be used until the secondary numbers take over at 600. Why 598 was chosen, I have no idea. |
|||||
Rocky Gap (Bland County)| VA 599 not currently assigned | |||
| Previous VA 599's: |
Apparently, projects whose routes had not been established were given a Route 599 designation. It is unlikely these were ever posted as such.
VA 599 #1: Appears in April and October 1961 CTB Minutes, referring to the bridge over Smith Creek in the City of Norfolk. There is only 1 bridge over that small waterway, which is Brambleton Ave. US 58 and VA 337 were assigned to this route in 1963 or 1964. VA 599 #2: Appears in the April 1960, April 1961, and October 1962 CTB Minutes, describing a project between State St. and Commonwealth Ave. I believe this refers to the Euclid Ave construction, which when finished became US 11W and US 421. The 1960 and 1961 entries in the CTB minutes erroneously call this VA 597 (project numbers are all labeled 599 however) VA 599 #3: Appears in the March 1963 CTB Minutes as the project between VA 134A (Magruder Blvd) and the NASA entrance. This opened as the southernmost part of VA 172. VA 599 #4: Appears in the April 1963 CTB Minutes as a project between Water St. and Brambleton Ave in Norfolk. I think this refers to Tidewater Drive here, which became VA 337 in 1963 or 1964. VA 599 #5: Appears in May '63, June '64, and September '65 CTB minutes referring to the project between US 258 and Langley AFB at Tide Mill Creek. This opened as part of VA 167 (now just La Salle Ave). VA 599 #6: Appears in September and October 1964 CTB minutes as the Leesburg Bypass project, which was partially done in the late 60's from VA 7 northward (posted as what I don't know). Eventually it became US 15. VA 599 #7: Appears in October '65, July '66, and October '66 CTB minutes as the project on Pacific Ave below 5th St. in the City of Virginia Beach. This would be the Rudee Inlet Bridge, which is implied on maps as being US 60 at the time, but perhaps US 60 was truncated before this officially. VA 599 #8: Appears in December 1966 CTB minutes referring to a project in King Georges County between SR 624 and SR 618. This later opened as an extension of VA 218. VA 599 #9: Appeared in February, July, and August 1967 CTB Minutes as a project in Augusta County between US 11 and I-81. This later opened as VA 275. |
||
Previous: VA 421 - 499 |
Next: VA 600 - 699
Top | Virginia Hwy Index
Home
Page last modified 26 November 2006
::: Made with CoffeeCup : Web Design Software & Website Hosting :::